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C# (programming language)
Interface IDisposable. Write code to properly release unmanaged resources in the destructor and in the interface IDisposable in the C#
посмотрели
19763
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обновлено: 11 January 2019
Interface IDisposable
Method
void
Dispose
()
releases unmanaged resources
What are managed resources?
Most of the resources that we use in the program C# This is
managed resources
.
Managed Resources
- these are classes that implement
IDisposable
.
Example 1
:
C#
managed resource
Font
my
;
my
it is a managed resource because, class
Font
inherited from
IDisposable
Example 2
:
C#
managed resource
FileStream
myFile
;
myFile
it is a managed resource because, class
FileStream
inherited from
IDisposable
Managed resources are cleaned up
garbage collector
when an object is removed from memory.
What are unmanaged resources?
Unmanaged resources
- these are file descriptors, network connections, low-level database connections, and so on.
Example 1
:
C#
unmanaged resource
// create an unmanaged resource
IntPtr
myHandle1
=
CreateFile
(
"D://1.txt"
, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, IntPtr.Zero, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, IntPtr.Zero);
// working with myHandle1
// ...
// release an unmanaged resource
CloseFile(myHandle1);
myHandle1
this is an unmanaged resource
Example 2
:
C#
unmanaged resource
// create an unmanaged resource
IntPtr myHandle2 = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(100);
// working with myHandle2
// ...
// release an unmanaged resource
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(myHandle2);
myHandle2
this is an unmanaged resource
It is more profitable to release unmanaged resources as early as possible, even before the object is deleted from memory.
For example
our program opens the file and it is better that our program closes this file as early as possible.
So that other programs can use.
How does the garbage collector release managed and unmanaged resources?
1)
Garbage collector
looks at which objects are not needed (
this is when there are no references to the object
).
2) Garbage collector will call
destructor
at the object.
3) In the object destructor, we can release unmanaged resources.
4) The garbage collector will delete the object from memory.
Bad situation
There is no destructor in our classroom and we work with
unmanaged resources
.
then before you delete the object from memory the garbage collector will not be able to release unmanaged resources (will not be able to close file handles network connections and so on).
Decision!
We ourselves must free up unmanaged resources and as early as possible (as soon as we no longer need them).
To free up unmanaged resources we must use the interface
IDisposable
.
How do we write a class to free up unmanaged resources? We use the interface IDisposable
To release unmanaged resources, you need to:
1) You need to inherit your class from
IDisposable
and inside the method
Dispose(){...}
refine
managed resources
,
unmanaged resources
.
2) Inside the destructor we clean
unmanaged resources
.
That is, the destructor is an additional method for cleaning up resources. [konec_stroki] If the method
Dispose()
we did not call, the destructor will be called by the system in any case.
Example
C#
class
MyFile
: IDisposable
{
// interface implementation IDisposable
public
virtual
void
Dispose()
{
// clean up managed resources
// ...
// clean up unmanaged resources
// ...
}
// class destructor
~MyFile()
{
// clean up unmanaged resources
// ...
}
}
Note 1
Interface
IDisposable
has only one method
Dispose
. When implementing this method, you must fulfill one important obligation: even a multiple call.
Dispose
should occur without errors.
Note 2
Interface
IDisposable
can be implemented in
class
and in
struct
.
Your class must inherit from the interface IDisposable if
If any member of your class is a managed resource
(a member of your class implements IDisposable)
Example:
C#
class
MyFile
{
protected
FileStream myFile;
...
}
myFile - is a managed resource
myFile implements the interface
IDisposable
(
FileStream
inherited from
IDisposable
)
Therefore class
MyFile
must implement
IDisposable
C#
class
MyFile
:
IDisposable
{
protected
FileStream myFile;
...
}
if any class member is an unmanaged resource
Example:
C#
class
MyFile
{
IntPtr ptr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(100);
...
}
ptr - this is an unmanaged resource
Therefore class
MyFile
must implement
IDisposable
C#
class
MyFile
:
IDisposable
{
IntPtr ptr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(100);
...
}
Call the method Dispose() to release unmanaged resources
The garbage collector does not call the
Dispose()
.
We have to call the method ourselves
Dispose()
.
Method
Dispose
() called by the user (not a garbage collector).
The garbage collector has information about the allocated memory, not the state of the resources. Therefore, we need to call the
Dispose
to free up resources in C#.
Example:
C#
MyFile file =
new
MyFile(
"D://a.txt"
);
// add text to the file
file.AddTextToFile(
"Hello"
);
// close unmanaged resources
file.
Dispose
();
using
the best way to call the method Dispose
You need to use this expression:
C#
using
(
ClassName
variableName =
new
ClassName
())
{
// ...
}
using
will call the
Dispose
Example (using)
C#
using
System;
using
System.Collections.Generic;
using
System.Linq;
using
System.Text;
using
System.Threading.Tasks;
// we connect a library for working with files
using
System.IO;
namespace
ConsoleApplication1
{
class
MyFile
: IDisposable
{
protected
FileStream MyFileStream { get; set; }
protected
StreamWriter MyStream { get; set; }
// class constructor
public
MyFile(
string
filePath)
{
// check if the file exists
if
(!File.Exists(filePath))
MyFileStream = File.Create(filePath);
// create a file
else
MyFileStream = File.Open(filePath, FileMode.Append);
// open the file
// open the stream
MyStream =
new
StreamWriter(MyFileStream);
}
public
void
AddTextToFile(
string
text)
{
// write text to a file
if
(MyStream != null)
MyStream.Write(text);
}
// interface implementation IDisposable
public
virtual
void
Dispose()
{
// clean up managed resources
if
(MyStream != null)
{
MyStream.Dispose();
MyStream = null;
}
if
(MyFileStream != null)
{
MyFileStream.Dispose();
MyFileStream = null;
}
// clean up unmanaged resources
// ... we have no unmanaged resources
}
// class destructor
~MyFile()
{
// clean up unmanaged resources
// ... we have no unmanaged resources
}
}
class
Program
{
static
void
Main(
string
[] args)
{
// after using {...} the file will be closed
using
(MyFile file =
new
MyFile(
"D://a.txt"
))
{
// add text to the file
file.AddTextToFile(
"Hello"
);
}
}
}
}
using has 2 advantages:
1)
using
calls the
Dispose
2)
using
contains secure code:
try finally
compiler deploys
using
as code:
C#
MyFile file =
new
MyFile();
try
{
// calling methods ...
// in our example
file.AddTextToFile(
"Hello"
);
}
finally
{
file.Dispose();
}
Let's look at examples:
C#
MyFile file =
new
MyFile(
"D://a.txt"
);
// add text to the file
file.AddTextToFile(
"Hello"
);
//
if there is an exception when writing to a file, then
//
the file will not be closed
file.Dispose();
C#
using
(MyFile file =
new
MyFile(
"D://a.txt"
))
{
// add text to the file
file.AddTextToFile(
"Hello"
);
// if there is an exception when writing to a file, then
// the file will be CLOSED
// because using contains a section finally
// finally will call the Dispose
// Dispose will call the MyStream.Close();
}
Notes!
using
Has Dual-purpose:
•
to connect a namespace ...
• to call the method
Dispose()
using contains multiple objects
In the
using
you can declare multiple objects of the same type. In this case, the compiler will insert code calling the
Dispose()
for each declared object.
Example
C#
using
(Font font1 =
new
Font(
"Arial"
, 10.0f),
font2 =
new
Font(
"Arial"
, 10.0f))
{
// ...
// we work with font1 and font2
}
Microsoft offers us to implement IDispose this template:
C#
public
class
MyClass
:
IDisposable
{
// class field
private
bool
disposed
= false;
// interface implementation IDisposable
public
void
Dispose
()
{
Dispose(true);
// tell the garbage collector that our facility has already freed up resources
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
protected
virtual
void
Dispose
(
bool
disposing)
{
if
(!disposed)
{
if
(disposing)
{
// freeing up managed resources
// ...
}
// freeing up UNMANAGED resources
// ...
disposed = true;
}
}
// class destructor
~
MyClass
()
{
Dispose(false);
}
}
Explanation:
If we forgot to call the method in our program Dispose()
then, when the object is destroyed, a destructor will be called.
The destructor will call the
Dispose
and free up unmanaged resources.
That is, the template allows you to release unmanaged resources in any case.
Microsoft template implementation IDispose for a derived class
C#
using
Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;
using
System;
using
System.Runtime.InteropServices;
class
DerivedClass
: BaseClass
{
// class field
bool
disposed = false;
// our managed resource
SafeHandle handle =
new
SafeFileHandle(IntPtr.Zero, true);
// realization IDisposable
protected
override
void
Dispose(
bool
disposing)
{
if
(disposed)
return;
if
(disposing)
{
// freeing up managed resources
handle.Dispose();
// ...
}
// freeing up UNMANAGED resources
// ...
disposed = true;
// call the base class
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
}
Learn more about this template at Microsoft...
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Heap - dynamic memory available at run time in the C#
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Memory. Garbage collector (garbage collector). Automatic memory freeing in the C#
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New app for learning C#
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Creating a new console application to learn C#
Debugging Code
•
Debug.Assert(false) Debugging Code in C#
•
For debugging, option "Common Language Runtime Exceptions" see exceptions when a program is running C#
•
Attribute [Obsolete("My method is outdated. Do not use", false)] Warning when compiling code in the C#
Data Types C#
•
C# data types: number (bool, char, byte, int, long, float, double, decimal), text (string), enumeration (enum), class (class), structure (struct)
•
Structure Boolean in the C# it is a flag with values true or false (bool) and methods for conversion bool
•
Structure Int32 in the C# it is a signed integer (int) and methods for conversion int
•
Structure Single in the C# this is a floating-point number (float) and methods for conversion float
•
var ... Variable of any type in the C#. Example: var str = "Hello!";
•
Type dynamic in the C#
•
Default values in the C#
Storing objects in memory. Removing Objects from Memory
•
Reference types and value types in the C#
•
Stack (stack) - memory for method parameters and local variables in the C#
•
Heap - dynamic memory available at run time in the C#
•
Interface IDisposable. Write code to properly release unmanaged resources in the destructor and in the interface IDisposable in the C#
•
Memory. Garbage collector (garbage collector). Automatic memory freeing in the C#
C# type conversion
•
C# converting a string to a number (string → short, int, long, ushort, uint, ulong, float, double, decimal) | Use Culture (system settings)
•
C# converting a number to a string (int, double, short, ... → string) with the required accuracy
Text in C# (type string and class String)
•
Algorithm for intersecting rectangles
•
What is text in the C# ? Type string and class String. Methods for working with text.
•
Length (string length in C#). Example: string str1 = "Hello"; int v1 = str1.Length;
•
CompareTo (compares case-sensitive text in C#). Example: bool bIsSame = str1.CompareTo(str2)==0;
•
ToLower (converts text to lowercase in C#). Example: string str1 = "HELLO World!"; string str2 = str1.ToLower();
•
ToUpper (converts text to uppercase in C#). Example: string str1 = "Hello World!"; string str2 = str1.ToUpper();
•
Split (split the string into words in C#). Example: string[] arrWords = strText.Split(" ");
•
StartsWith (checks the beginning of the text with the specified case-sensitive text in C#). Example: bool bStart = str1.StartsWith(str2);
•
Contains (checks whether the text specified is case-sensitive or not in case-sensitive C#). Example: bool bFound = str1.Contains(str2);
•
IndexOf (searches for a case-sensitive string and returns the position in C#). Example: int pos = str1.IndexOf(str2);
•
Substring (returns part of the text from the specified position and length in the C#). Example: string str1 = "Hello World!"; string str2 = str1.Substring(2, 5);
•
IsNullOrEmpty (checks the text for blank or for null in the C#). Example: string name = "Hello World!"; bool bFlag = String.IsNullOrEmpty(name);
•
IsNullOrWhiteSpace (validates text on null or on text with spaces in the C#). Example: string name = " "; bool bFlag = String.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name);
•
[] (returns a character from the specified position in the C#). Example: char symbol = str[1];
•
Format (text formatting, strings in the C#). Example: string strNew = String.Format("Hello {0}, {1}", name, year);
•
+ (add lines and text in the C#). Example: string str = str1 + str2 + " people!";
•
$ (string interpolation in the C#). Example: string result = $"Hello {a} + {b} = {a + b}";
•
Symbol @ before the beginning of the line in the C#. Example: string str1 = @"aaa";
•
Use @ and $ together (C# string interpolation)
DateTime in C#
•
What is DateTime in C# ? Convert to a string with the format
Enumerations in C # (enum)
•
What is enumeration? (enum) in the C# ?
•
How to convert text to enum in C#
•
How to enumerate all elements in enum in C#
null
•
null value for simple types. Use ? or Nullable in the C#
•
Operator ?? (null-union) in the C#
try-catch
•
Exception handling in C#. Operator try catch finally
Classes in C# (class)
•
What is a class? in the C#?
•
Class Access Modifiers in the C#. Access modifiers for methods, properties, fields in the C#
•
"partial class" in the C#. Description of the class in different files
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Constructors for a class[/bgcolor]
•
Class Constructor in the C#
•
Initializing a Class Object (set values for fields) in the C#
•
To call the constructor at the base class in the C#
•
Static constructor in class C#
•
"base" To call a method from the base class. To call a variable from the base class. To call the constructor from the base class. C#
•
"this" To set or get a value from a class field. To call the constructor from the class. C#
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Class Destructors[/bgcolor]
•
Class Destructor in the C#
•
Destructors in classrooms (how basic destructors are called) C#
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Inheritance[/bgcolor]
•
What is class inheritance in C# ?
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Inheritance using new[/bgcolor]
•
Use new for the interface method. Inheriting an interface from an interface with the same method
•
Use new for the class method. Inheriting a class from a class in C#.
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Inheritance using sealed[/bgcolor]
•
sealed class. Prohibition to inherit in the C#
•
Inheriting a class from a class in C#. We use words virtual, override, sealed for class methods
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Abstract class[/bgcolor]
•
What is an abstract class? in the C# ? Abstract methods, properties, indexes.
•
Inheritance from a class abstract in the C#. Use abstract and override for class methods
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Constants and readonly [E_M_P_T_Y] fields in the classroom[/bgcolor]
•
Constants in the classroom C#
•
readonly . For a class field. This field is read-only in C#
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Properties get and set in the classroom C# (accessors)[/bgcolor]
•
get set Properties in a class C#
•
Inheritance (virtual, override) for get and set accessors in C#
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Operators, indexers in C#[/bgcolor]
•
Operators in a C# class. Operator overload: > < ++ + true false
•
Indexers in Class C#
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Nested types in C#[/bgcolor]
•
Nested class, structure in C#
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Parameters in the C#[/bgcolor] class method
•
ref and out (return parameters by reference in the C# method). Example: public void AddValue(ref int value)
•
Default parameters (optional parameters) in a C# method. Example: public int CalculateSum(int a, int b, int c=7)
•
C# named parameters. Example: public void CalculateSum(a:7, b:3);
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Generic methods, generic classes in C# (templates)[/bgcolor]
•
A method with generic parameters in C# (templates). Example: public double Sum<T1, T2>(T1 value1, T2 value2) { ... }
•
A generic (typed) class in C# (templates). Example of a class Book<T> { ... }
•
where Type constraint in a generic (typed) class in C# (templates). Example of class Dog<T> where T : Cat
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Converting a class object from one type to another[/bgcolor]
•
explicit is an explicit conversion operator in the C class#
•
implicit is an implicit conversion operator in class C#
•
Converting a class object from one type to another in C#. Use try( ) is as
•
Converting a class object from one type to another in C#. Using pattern matching is switch
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Class object in C#[/bgcolor]
•
? conditional null operator in C#
•
The class object contains a reference in C#
•
How do you copy objects in C# to copy class data instead of a reference?
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Static constructor and static properties and methods[/bgcolor]
•
Static constructor in class C#
•
Static methods, properties, members in class C#
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Additional class features in C#[/bgcolor]
•
The extension method in C# (this in the first parameter of the method). Example: static public void AddValues(this List<int> myList, int value1, int value2)
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Class naming conventions in C#[/bgcolor]
•
What letters, lowercase or uppercase, to call classes, methods, properties... in C#
•
Is it correct to create a separate .cs file for each class in C#? Or write C# classes in a single .cs file?
Static Class
•
Static Class in C#
Anonymous Class
•
An object with an anonymous (missing) type in C#. Example: var book = new { BookName = "Lord of the Rings", Price = 100 };
Interfaces
•
What is interface in C#?
•
Inheriting the interface from the interface in C#
•
Inheriting a class from an interface class in C#. Using override and virtual for class methods
•
Generalized (typed) interface in C# (templates). Example interface IUser<T> { ... }
Struct structure
•
What is a structure in C#?
•
Structure access modifiers in C#. Access Modifiers for Methods, Properties, Struct Fields in C#
•
Initializing a Structure Object (Setting Values for Fields) in C#
•
How to change the value in an array of structures or in a collection of structures (List) in C#
•
Nested structure in C#
[bgcolor=#F5F9DB]Converting a struct object from one type to another[/bgcolor]
•
implicit is an implicit struct-to-C conversion operator#
•
explicit is an explicit struct-to-C conversion operator#
Lazy class loading in C#
•
Lazy Object Creation in Memory (class Lazy in C#)
Tuples
•
Tuples in C#
Dynamic objects with any properties
•
DynamicObject and ExpandoObject in C#
Arrays
•
What are arrays? array in C#
•
Initializing an Array (Populating the Array Elements) in C#
•
params passing any number of parameters to a method in C#
•
Array class C#
Collection
•
What are collections in C#?
•
What are non-generic collections in C#? ArrayList, Stack, Queue, Hashtable, SortedList, BitArray classes
•
What are generic (typed) collections in C#? The classes are List<T>, SortedList<T>, Stack<T>, Dictionary<TKey, TValue>, LinkedList<T>, Queue<T>, HashSet<T>, SortedSet<T>, ConcurrentDictionary<TKey, TValue>, SortedDictionary<TKey, TValue>
Non-generic collection classes (different types of items are stored in the same collection)
•
IEnumerable interface. The most basic interface for collections in C#
•
Interfaces: ICollection, IList, IDictionary. The basis for collections in C#
ArrayList class (collection in C#)
•
What is ArrayList in C#?
SortedList class (collection in C#)
•
What is SortedList in C#?
Stack class (collection in C#)
•
What is Stack in C# ?
Queue class (collection in C#)
•
What is Queue in C# ?
Hashtable class (collection in C#)
•
What is a Hashtable in C# ?
BitArray class (collection in C#)
•
What is BitArray in C#?
Generic, typed collection classes in C# (elements of the same type are stored in the same collection)
•
IEnumerable interface<T>. The most basic interface for typed collections in C#
•
Interfaces: ICollection<T>, IList<T>, ISet<T>, IDictionary<TKey, TValue>. Basis for typed collections in C#
List class<T> (typed collection in C#)
•
What is List<T> in C#?
•
Initializing the Collection List in curly brackets in the C#
•
for, foreach (go through all the items in the List<T>) in C#
•
Find (looking for an item by criterion in the List<T>) in C#
•
FindAll (looking for a list of items by criterion in the List<T>) in C#
•
ForEach (for each List element an<T> action is performed) in C#
LinkedList class<T> (typed collection in C#)
•
What is LinkedList<T> in C# ?
SortedList<TKey, TValue> class (typed collection in C#)
•
What is SortedList<TKey, TValue> in C# ?
Stack class<T> (typed collection in C#)
•
What is Stack<T> in C# ?
Queue class<T> (typed collection in C#)
•
What is Queue<T> in C# ?
HashSet class<T> (typed collection in C#)
•
What is a HashSet<T> in C# ?
•
How HashSet works<T> in C#
SortedSet class<T> (typed collection in C#)
•
What is a SortedSet<T> in C#?
ObservableCollection class<T> (typed collection in C#)
•
What is ObservableCollection<T> in C#?
Dictionary<TKey, TValue> class (typed collection in C#)
•
What is Dictionary<TKey, TValue> in C# ?
•
Initializing Elements in the Dictionary<TKey, TValue> Constructor in C#
•
How Dictionary<TKey, TValue> works in C#
•
How to convert IEnumerable to → Dictionary in C#<TKey, TValue> . Using the ToDictionary method
SortedDictionary<TKey, TValue> class (typed collection in C#)
•
What is SortedDictionary<TKey, TValue> in C# ?
ConcurrentDictionary<TKey, TValue> class (typed collection in C#)
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What is ConcurrentDictionary<TKey, TValue> in C# ?
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AddOrUpdate (add or update a value by key in ConcurrentDictionary<TKey, TValue>) in C#
Asymptotic complexity for adding, removing, taking an item in collections
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Asymptotic complexity for adding, removing, taking an element in collections C# (List, SortedList, Stack, Dictionary, LinkedList, Queue, HashSet, SortedSet, ConcurrentDictionary, SortedDictionary)
Sorting Elements in the [] Array and List <T>Collection
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Sorting elements in the [] array and List collection<T> in C#. IComparable interface
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Sorting elements in the [] array and List collection<T> in C#. IComparer interface
My implementation of IEnumerator, IEnumerable, and iterators
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Example: My implementation of the IEnumerable and IEnumerator interfaces in C#
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Iterators and yield in C#. Examples of IEnumerable implementation with yield
Extension Methods for IEnumerable<T> (Search, Replace, Value Sampling) in C#
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Methods for finding, replacing, and fetching values in IEnumerable<T>. Extension methods for IEnumerable<T> in C#
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Any (IEnumerable extension method<T>) in C#
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Select (IEnumerable extension method<T>) in C#
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GroupBy (extension method IEnumerable<T>) in the C#
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GroupJoin (extension method IEnumerable<T>) in the C#
Sorting, filtering in LINQ (Language-Integrated Query)
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What is LINQ in C#?
•
Sorting, filtering list items using LINQ in C#
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Books for learning LINQ in C#
Pointers
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Pointers in C#. Operator unsafe
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Pointers to structs, class fields, arrays in C#. Operators unsafe, stackalloc, fixed
Working with files
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Open the file, read the text from the file and break it down by words. C#
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Create a text file, write the text to a C file#
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Create an HTML file, write tabular data in an HTML file | C#
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Create a binary file, write bytes to file C#
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Partial upload of a file from FTP to C#
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Class Path. Combine method - merges the strings into the full path of the file. And other methods of the Path class | C#
Serialization
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What is object serialization in C#? [Serializable] attribute
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Serializing a C# object into a binary file. BinaryFormatter class. [Serializable] attribute
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Serializing a C# object into an XML file. XmlSerializer class. [Serializable] attribute
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Serialization of a C# object into a JSON file. DataContractJsonSerializer class. [Serializable] attribute
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Serializing a C# object into a SOAP file. SoapFormatter class. [Serializable] attribute
Namespaces
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Namespace using in C#
Delegate
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Delegate in C#
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Add method(s) in a C# delegate. Unification of delegates. Removing a Method from a Delegate
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Delegate as a parameter in method C#
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Unnamed, anonymous method in C# (method described in place of parameter, delegate)
Universal Delegates
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Generic, generic delegates in C# (templates)
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Action, Predicate, and Func Universal Delegates in C#
Events
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Events in C#
Lyamda
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Lamda (example) in C#
Regular expressions
Regular Expressions in C#
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Breaking the text into words (regular expressions in c#)
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Put * instead of the last name after the first letter (regular expressions in c#)
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Breaking the text into words (regular expressions in c#)
Process, process modules
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Process in C# (Process class)
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Process modules in C# (ProcessModule class)
Threads, multithreading
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Threads in C# (Thread class)
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Thread Pool in C#
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What"s the difference between background and foreground in C#?
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Synchronizing Threads in C#
Parallel Library Task (TPL)
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Parallel Library Task (TPL). Parallel Task Library in C#
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The Parallel class uses the Invoke method to execute the for and foreach (on different CPU cores) methods in parallel in C#
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PLINQ parallelizes LINQ queries to run on different processor cores in C#
Asynchronous methods (async and await)
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class Task in C#
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Asynchronous programming in C# (async, await how to formalize)
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Asynchronous programming in C# (using async, await, and Task as an example)
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Asynchronous Programming in C# (Theory)
Application domains
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What are Application Domains in C# ? (AppDomain class)
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Example "Application domain information" (current domain name, list assemblies) in C#
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Example "Let"s create the 2nd application domain. Write the class in the 1st domain and use it in the 2nd domain. MarshalByRefObject in C#
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Example "Load the 2nd domain of the application from a file, run the calculations, unload the 2nd domain from memory" to C#
Attributes
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Attributes for Class, Method, Property in C#
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Attribute [Conditional("AAA")] . For compilation, ignore a method or property unless a conditional compilation symbol is defined in C#
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Attribute [Obsolete("My method is outdated. Do not use", false)] Warning when compiling code in the C#
•
The [Display(Name="Sleep at night")] attribute. To store some text attached to a variable | C#
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The attribute [Required(ErrorMessage = "Please enter a name")] is described for a property in the C# class and requires the property to be populated if the ErrorMessage error in the MVC ASP.NET is not filled in the screen
•
The attribute [Remote("IsValidAuthor", "Home", ErrorMessage = "Enter correct author of book")] is described for a property in a C# class and checks that property for correctness on the server via the IsValidAuthor method in conroller Home, if the method returns false, then there will be an ErrorMessage error on the screen in the MVC ASP.NET
Reflection in C#
•
Nameof operator in C# (class name, method name, variable name)
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What is reflection in C#? Type Class
•
Creating a class object and calling the constructor with parameters using reflection in C#
•
How to get attribute information for a method from a class. Using reflection | C#
•
How to get attribute information for a property of a class. Using reflection | C#
•
How to change the set property in a class if private using reflection | C#
Preprocessor directives (if on compilation)
•
#define #undef #if #elif #else #endif preprocessor directives in C#
•
How do I define #define for all files (for the entire project) in C#?
What is the CLR assembly and runtime?
•
Assembly (Assembly) in C#. Compilation. Intermediate code IL (Intermediate Language). Metadata.
•
How to include a C# assembly in a project?
•
Utility ildasm.exe. Converts an assembly (C# exe, dll file) to an intermediate language (IL). This utility is easy to learn
•
The runtime CLR (Common Language Runtime) in C# . JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler.
Creating and connecting our build
•
Creating our C# build (regular build)
•
Connecting our C# build (regular build)
▷
•
Creating our C# assembly (split assembly)
•
Connecting our C# assembly (split assembly)
Database in Console Application C#
•
Entity Framework in a C# console application. Using Code First (we write c# code, and the tables in the database are created by ourselves)
•
Read the image from the database and save it to a file | ADO.NET, C#, console application
DI Dependency Injection in C#
•
Dependency injection in C# | Dependency Injection (DI)
•
Ninject (IoC container) dependency management in C#
•
Autofac (IoC container) dependency management in C#
Convenient Visual Studio utilities
•
View Class Diagram in C#
exe to C# code
•
"dotPeek" application for decompile (disassemble) exe to c# source code
In a C# application, call the C++ functions
•
What are managed code (managed code) and unmanaged code (unmanaged code)? | C# and C++
•
Marshaling (marshalling) in C#. Type Conversion Between Managed Code (managed code) and Unmanaged Code (unmanaged code)
•
In the application C# we call functions from Windows dll (C++ WinAPI). Attribute [DllImport("user32.dll")]
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In a C# application, call functions from my dll (C++). Attribute [DllImport("My.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
Additional topics, questions
•
You don"t create a new project in Visual Studio 2019. Object reference not set to instance of an object"
•
C# compilation error: error CS1106: Extension method must be defined in a non-generic static class
•
C# compilation error: error CS0246: The type or namespace name "Point" could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
•
Why can"t the Dictionary.TryGetValue method find a value by key in C#?
•
Object-oriented programming (OOP). OOP Principles: Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism
•
What letters in C# (uppercase or lowercase or uppercase) should we use to name fields, methods in a class, interfaces, delegates, parameters?
•
Is it correct to create a separate .cs file for each class in C#? Or write C# classes in a single .cs file?
•
Is it better to use a built-in int type or an Integer class (string type or String class) in C#?
•
How do I download and install the version of the .NET Framework I want in Visual Studio?
•
Boxing and unboxing meaningful types in C#
•
Error CS8107 Feature "default literal" is not available in C# 7.0. Please use language version 7.1 or greater
•
Error "unable to connect to web server "iis express" | C# | Visual Studio 2017
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Uninstall and install NuGet in Visual Studio
•
When opening a project in Visual Studio 2019 error: "project requires "SQL Server 2012 Express LocalDB" which is not installed on this computer"
The checked and unchecked math operators
•
The unchecked math operator in C#
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The checked math operator in C#
Additional C# classes
•
C# Random class
•
C# Structure Point
•
C# PointF structure
•
C# Size structure
•
C# SizeF structure
•
C# Rectangle Structure
•
C# RectangleF structure
It"s time
•
The amount of time that has elapsed since the system booted (in milliseconds). System.Environment.TickCount in C#
Encryption
•
Let"s encrypt the password and check it | C# console application
Excell
•
Reading an excel file in C# (console application)
WWW Sites to Learn C#
•
Websites to learn C#
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